BombayBoy
Journeyman
we still have more hair than few primates
Yes. It's just that our body hair is softer and smaller (than say monkeys) unless someone's like the Jhakaas - Anil Kapoor
we still have more hair than few primates
Firstly, I don't "believe" for believing is done by unscientific minds. There is a difference between "knowing" and "believing". Sun rises from the east is knowing. Its not a belief. Knowing your own body and its ability after a devoted listening can tell whether you can lift heavier weight today or not. Its not a belief. Similarly, there is a science of consciousness where "knowing" comes into the picture.
Secondly, I don't claim science of consciousness to be the "best", but totally scientific and "higher" than modern science. The context here of "higher" is not to demean the modern science but simply to present that which is beyond materialism, there is an experience which enables the material world to exist, an experience beyond the limitations of the mind and the senses. Just like senses are "higher" than material world and mind higher than the senses, for it is the senses which percieve the material world and mind which control the senses.
Quote one sentence of mine, where I stated it to be the best. Try to read my posts carefully without connecting it to a totally different context. For some Paneer is best, for another Rajma is best. I can create a new fashion out of my limited wardrobe. The context is different!
Then technically you are not an atheist. It seems to me that you do not understand the basic meaning of consciousness.
Let me brief for you since you took the time to discuss. The entire universe is pervading with consciousness. Imagine an infinite ocean with tides all around. Are those tides different from the ocean? Now lets say that those tides have a sense of "I" as well where one tide think I'm rising higher than the rest. The question - Is it because of the tide that it is rising high or perhaps because of the various churning of the forces within the ocean? If you understand the concept of "infinity", then you'd also know that you cannot analyze infinity. You cannot cut it or multiply. There is no way you can create division here. Now try to experience infinity. If you think you can visualize it, then you are lying or ignorant for infinity cannot be visualized either. You can only experience it by surrendering the mind! So who is basically seeing the different categorizations of the world? Who is percieving the colorless sky to be blue in the morning?
The faculties of the mind have a natural tendencies to create these divisions, an illusion of color out of colourless, name out of nameless, form out of formless, manifest out of unmanifest, finite out of infinite etc. You are being called Raaabo because of the sake of convenience put by your mind as well as others. Is it going to change the true essence of your nature if you are called by any other name? If this is temporary (name,form,finite etc), then how are you suppose to understand the nature of the true reality?
There is no such thing as time, but why do we percieve time? Why do during our dreams, we often lose a perception of time and space?
When we talk of the world history we usually ignore the Indian history. Earlier we thought the civilization is 4000 yr old, then 5000 and then 10000 etc.
Watch -> Dwarka, India - 12,000 Year Old City of Lord Krishna Found - *Full* - YouTube
With this discovery, it is being said that if India is explored and scientific techniques like dating used, it can change a perception of the entire world's history. Earlier it was said that everyone believed that earth is flat. Wh proposed such a theory? Did Indians "believed" that also? You have mentioned about cavemen, but did they exist in India also? The Indian history speaks of yuga cycles where currently we in Kaliyug of which 5000 yrs have already been spent. Before this, we have see the dvapar yug- 432000x2 yrs, treta yug - 432000x3 years, satyuga - 432000x4 years.
Satyuga is an age which is categorized by men of perfect intellgence, perfect intuition, perfect memory, perfect patience and understanding, perfect body and strength. This deteriorates as yugas deteriorates. Kaliyuga is characterised by men of weak morales, low character, low memory, low intelligence, weak bodies and strength. For this matter, I'm happy that the science of military and warfare has been lost for men in this age cannot control anger or have patience to listen to others and weapons becoming a tool for adharma and evil acts instead of controlling adharma. Before Kaliyug started Veda were passed in oral fashion.
It is similar to case where a newborn babies cell regeneration/division is highest and gradually decreases as he grows old. The memory and intelligence (not experience with the external) are highest when he is young and fades into memory loss when he grows old. This is the reason why is it said that you learn faster when you are young. How can we retain that cell regeneration/division, high memory and intelligence? This is a part of Yoga and Ayurveda! Another example can be the flow of water from the mountain peaks to ocean, where it slowly steadily gets polluted and stagnated. But apart from Yugas, it goes beyond to the cyclic nature of time contrary to the linear nature of time as presented by modern science. This cycle does not mean that the same history will repeat. Again the example of an infinite ocean with tides rising and merging can be applied here.
Yoga (perfection), FYI, is not a physical exercise but a concept. Like I have stated before it is applicable to knowledge, surrender of ego-sense, actions, the various asanas whose aim is to further perfect the mind and body unity! If you do not understand meditation, then the next best example I can give is music. The more perfect the technique is, the better is the vessel to contain the flow. Music, as you might know, is presented the best when it is spontaneous or when you don't think much. It just happens when suddenly a chord strikes your empty head and you let it flow. With the technique or the vesself being perfect, it is manifested into the physical world perfectly. This perfection of technique implies the fingers of guitarist to move without his head working. This is called Yoga or perfection.
If the theory of cavemen is discussed, then they exist today also in remote parts and people even in urban areas to be using primitive tools for cooking, cleaning, fixing etc. Perhaps, the fossils of these tools and cavemen will be found some 10000 yrs in the future where people will be discussing that there was an age where the "religion" of modern science was practiced by the "nomads". Try to move beyond the words to the context I'm presenting here.
Coming back and as I have discussed before, The Indian thought is neither about some religion or god or atheists or theists. It is much beyond these limited and childish taggings, the fancies of an immature mind which people have not graduated from. The Indian thought is neither about the impressions you recieve from the TV shows and serials where the devi-devtas are busy conspiring, marrying and leading a life like that of humans. If you are speaking about secularism, then do understand where, how and why it came into being in Europe.
The Quran speaks about attachment to a name Allah : la ilaha il-alaha, mohammed urrasool allah, whereas the Indian texts speak about nameless : Ekam satviprabahuda vadanti, where the infinite is nameless yet called by various names like brahman, purusha (not purush i.e guy if you think) etc, formless yet manifests into various forms like different waves from the same ocean, where that "ideal ocean" is infinite and its essence, the central binding force, immutable, whereas the waves are finite and mutable some marked with a sense of "I" and some not! To be explicit, I hope you understand the metaphor. Many people I discuss this, esp. atheists, think I'm talking about oceans literally. No wonder, they cannot understand the Indian shrutis.
From the lower/limited perspective of modern science it means, matter and energy (various manifestations) are risen from matter and energy, use matter and energy to exist and become matter and energy during their end. e.g A person (made up of matter and energy), is born from matter and energy, uses matter and energy as food and becomes matter and energy after his death.
Can you say that "Allah is the eaten, the eater and the process of eating"? Is yes, then it would make sense as everything in this universe is matter and energy as per modern science and even matter is energy (Refer Quantum Theory).
If you understand any of the above distinctions, then proceed to this for further details : Theism and Vedas | The Chakra News
If you understand that, do read Aurobindo's : The secret of Vedas. It is available freely with pdf format. Trust me, you'll laugh yourself at the average understanding of the Indian philosophies which we see in this thread alone which is not even intellectual in nature, let alone being intelligent! Like Zakir Naik speaks in inferior words : "In Islam everything is "God's" (with an apostrophe s, which gives rise to words like theism and atheism, who is actually Abrahamic and not Indian devi or Devta) where as in Hinduism everything is God" (In Hindi it means divya and divya is not the same as God. These devi-devta are the different powers of the infinite, like air/wind, water, intellect, mind, supermind which are called by terminologies like vayu, varuna, indra, Vishnu etc in the Vedas, Shakti and Shiva in the Tantras, purusha and prakriti in the Gita etc . From divya comes the sanskrit offsprings like deva and even Maya is a devi. There is a similar analogy to the Greek philosophy as well).
The word go means both cow and light and in a number of passages evidently meant light even while putting forward the image of the cow. This is clear enough when we have to do with the cows of the sun — the Homeric kine of Helios — and the cows of the Dawn. Psychologically, the physical Light might well be used as a symbol of knowledge and especially of the divine knowledge (Page 43) { i.e cow is the metaphor of light or wisdom/knowledge recieved}
Indra is invoked as the maker of perfect forms to drink the wine of Soma; drinking he becomes full of ecstasy and a “giver of cows” .... A studys of the Vedic horse led me to the conclusion that go and asva represent the two companion ideas of Light and Energy, Consciousness and Force, which to the Vedic and Vedantic mind were the double or twin aspect of all the activities of existence. (Page 44) {i.e mind is illumined when by the sheer amount of knowledge, the eternal bliss, the truth and thus "giver of cows" by which we can act objectively and wisely }
Agni for the ordinary worshipper may have meant simply the god of the Vedic fire, or it may have meant the principle of Heat and Light in physical Nature, or to the most ignorant it may have meant simply a superhuman personage, one of the many “givers of wealth”, satisfiers of human desire. How suggest to those capable of a deeper conception the psychological functions of the God? The word itself fulfilled that service. For Agni meant the Strong, it meant the Bright, or even Force, Brilliance. So it could easily recall to the initiated, wherever it occurred, the idea of the illumined Energy which builds up the worlds and which exalts man to the Highest, the doer of the great work, the Purohit of the human sacrifice. (Page 56) { i.e Agni is the will power, the force which is one the first devtas who is invoked by Indra i.e mind/itelligence. Obviously this is true in any case. If you want to learn guitar, your mind will automatically increase focus. }
This wine of Soma represents, as we have abundant proof in the Veda and especially in the ninth book, a collection of more than a hundred hymns addressed to the deity Soma, the intoxication of the Ananda, the divine delight of being, inflowing upon the mind from the supramental consciousness through the Ritam or Truth. If we accept these interpretations, we can easily translate the hymn into its psychological significance. (Page 74) { i.e The awakening as experienced by the mind, metaphorically written in the form of drinking of soma by Indra. }
What can these rivers be whose wave is full of Soma wine, full of the ghrta, full of urj, the energy? What are these waters that flow to the goal of the gods’ movement, that establish for man the supreme good?....Obviously these are the waters of the Truth and the Bliss that flow from the supreme ocean. These rivers flow not upon earth, but in heaven; they are prevented by Vritra the Besieger, the Coverer from flowing down upon the earth-consciousness in which we mortals live till Indra, the god-mind, smites the Coverer with his flashing lightnings and cuts out a passage on the summits of that earth-consciousness down which they can flow. Such is the only rational, coherent and sensible explanation of the thought and language of the Vedic sages. (Page 113)
This matter of the lost herds is only part of a whole system of connected symbols and images. They are recovered by the sacrifice and the fiery god Agni is the flame, the power and the priest of the sacrifice; — by the Word, and Brihaspati is the father of the Word, the Maruts its singers or Brahmas, brahmano marutah, Saraswati its inspiration; — by the Wine, and Soma is the god of the Wine and the Ashwins its seekers, finders, givers, drinkers. The herds are the herds of Light and the Light comes by the Dawn and by the Sun of whom Pushan is a form. Finally, Indra is the head of all these gods, lord of the light, king of the luminous heaven called Swar, — he is, we say, the luminous or divine Mind; into him all the gods enter and take part in his unveiling of the hidden light. We see therefore that there is a perfect appropriateness in the attribution of one and the same victory to these different deities and in Madhuchchhandas’ image of the gods entering into Indra for the stroke against Vala. Nothing has been done at random or in obedience to a confused fluidity of ideas. The Veda is perfect and beautiful in its coherence and its unity. (Page 144)
Vedas : Mind is the chief controller of all the senses, of the breaths in the Human being (inhale, exhale, life breath etc) which we see as "devraj Indra". It is the mind which is always wavering with positive and negative thoughts and yields to the self for the guidance which we see as "Swargaloka always wavering and being attacked by Demons and presided over by devtas and Indra running to Vishnu for guidance".
Shiva and Shakti : Where Shakti is the individual jiva (when perceived at human level) always trying to achieve the state of perfect knowledge i.e Shiva which we see in serials loosely as Shakti always trying to seek Shiva and how consciousness continues seeking even after death e.g Sati to Parvati where the desires are part of the nature of the body, but one has to control over those desires or detach from those desires. This Shiva is residing on the top of Mount Kailash which is metaphor of the human body itself and the super-mind, the top of Kailash which is beyond all the dualities of life, where space and time cease to exist, where past, present, future all become one, which are nothing more than the division created or perceived by the mind only.
Like I stated, the Indian thought is neither the Vedic rituals you see these days nor the presentation of Indian TV shows. It is neither some reduction into childish terminologies like theists, atheists, religion etc.
@Raaabo - The Sun rays take some 8 minutes to reach earth. It simply means that the rays which reach you had left the Sun some 8 minutes in the past. It further means that you are simply viewing the Sun 8 minutes in the past! When you talk to a friend, you are viewing him some nano-seconds (or even lesser) in the past. Entire infrastructure of your body and its individual components follow an order and the reality of Ritam (Universal dharma) . The individual organs understand their own dharma and limitations and work accordingly, so do the celestial bodies, an order within the chaos, where the entire template of your body changes every nanoseconds chemically (billions of atoms inhaled, exhaled, perspired, excretion, drinking, urinating etc), physically (very slow for senses to register), mentally (emotion,wisdom,thoughts, intelligence, analysis etc)! Thus with all these subtle reasonings you are always percieving the external world in the past!
If you think Indian science is "a belief system" with a reasoning that it is archaic and irrelevant, then so has the modern science become a subject of past now the moment you open a science book and read it. Such a "belief" that Indian science is a belief system because it is archaic is only self-destructive!
Coming back, Why do I still see an order in this extremely chaotic template of yours? Your senses are the ones which analze the external. The mind is the one which analyzes the message passed on by the senses. On whose direction is the mind working? You buy a car, but the thought originated in the past for it (2 days back or 20 years back) before it materializes in the physical world. What all factors were responsible for such a thought - 'buying a car'? From no where a thought might come about your loved ones and you immediately ring them up. It could be random and it could be a result of various forces of nature external as well as internal acting upon you to accumulate into a thought and then your body, a vessel acts to carry that thought forward? Is it really you who are "doing", or your whole life happens to be dance around different thoughts either random, borrowed or accumulated?
Now just like flame does not have a definite shape and the perception of its form keeps on changing (flame reducing, increasing, distorting, flickering etc), similarly how can we say that the shape of Sun is "circular"? With its huge flames coming and going, can we even say that the sun has a definite shape? Moreover, does the Sun exist only in the perception of its flames? Its heat can be felt all over to the Earth and beyond. So my question - Is the Sun limited to its flames only or to its heat beyond as well? Once you understand that and move beyond names, forms, shapes etc, you'd understand that the "essence" of the Sun encompasses the entire Solar System.
Similar is the nature of the supreme consciousness which resides within but distorted by its own lower natures and polluted at the level of material consciousness/lowest where the world becomes "asat" (it does not mean false, but illusory in the sense of being impermanent or dynamic) where the sat, the static, the permanent, the real can be achieved and known with the faculties of Yoga! Hence Sagun to Nirgun, the union of Shakti with Shiva. You may read chapter 7 of Bhagvad-Gita on this.
Meditative experiences are personal indeed and hence I gave the analogy of gym and body types (skin, hari texture ,metabolism, habits etc), but the steps remain the same, a journey from "I" to surrender of "I" and merging with the absolute. It is totally different from the experience of a drug addict. Meditation increases mind control, it is based on detachment from material desires in its holistic meaning as attachment shall remain a burden in the initial process of emptying the mind. Whereas, addiction to drugs as based on attachment to material desires/drugs which destroys mind control and brain cells where the lowest perception is further reducd to smithereens giving even a lower false perception/"feeling" .
You took it literally. What I really requested is that you need to discuss only if you have any genuine interest. There are mods in the forum who have quoted some distorted verses of Gita and then claiming on the top of that distortion, that Gita present offending verses. The basic steps or a genuine research would simply seek - Who said the verse and what is the meaning of the verse, Gathering the complete verse as the first step and then verify it from 2-3 different sources as well, if one is ignorant of Sanskrit. You won't really understand anything if you do not have a genuine interest. Just like all the knowledge of technology (or guitar or gymming) will come to if you have a genuine interest, similar the higher science will come to you as well if you have genuine interest.
The whole universe will conspire to make it happen, if you really genuinely want it. Ofcourse you have to act upon it naturally!
There is no point in discussing Quran, if you "personally" do not want to discuss it and then use your admin rights to implement the same. Quran is a doctrine. Had it been just another person who had destroyed an unused temple or by Govt procedures, I wouldn't mind. But like I said, research yourself on the history of Iran, Afganistan, Bangladesh, pakistan etc were all places of creativity and now most of their creativity is destroyed! The Doctrine is simple i.e to spread Islam. This includes killing of infidels, people tagged as Jews and Christian, violating women prisoners with an attchment to something called judgement day. You really need to read Quran, I have given you authentic sources with tanslations of three prominent translators and not just another link to some anti-Islamic site. And hence for this reason I had called you ignorant of ground reality. I apologize if it sounds offending. The same pattern exists with the growing number of muslims in France, Britain, US etc. Again, I'm not against people tagged as muslims here but a doctrine that is driving them to demand sharia, behead soldiers (British Royal Guard) for what happened in Afghanistan, Syria, death to US even though US provides large number of jobs to them.
I'm not interested in who ridicules the video of Zakir Naik (Ahmaddiya that you pointed out) but simply in discussing Quran, Allah and Mohammed.
This is something I love about him. He is arrogant for the anti-nationals, but loving for his own people. It is a characteristic a leader needs to have. One who seeks truth is often termed as cold and arrogant. It doesn't mean he has perfectly sought the truth before you raise fingers. I would prefer an arrogant leader who administers well anyday over a robot who seldom speaks, or doesn't know what to speak, take orders from others all the time and when speaks, speaks without any motivation where you have to raise the volume of the TV or concentrate all your energy to your ears to listen him well.
I would recommend you => Srimad Bhagavad-Gita
Read it in your own frame of understanding first without seeing the commentaries. If you can understand high level English, then I would recommend you Aurobindo's translations!
Im reading gita! 2/3rd of gita. My mind is too pure now, so plan to watch some porn later.
Most of it is Krishna saying he is the one dude, how those who pray to other gods are unintelligent people indirectly praying to him, an how those who believe in other gods will suffer for multiple lifetimes. At least the punishment for disbelief in certain other faiths does not extend to multiple lives!
Since god is in everything and everywhere according to the faith you seem to have (correct me if I am wrong), then you could theoretically go into a Mosque or a Church , and it wouldn’t matter whether you were facing mecca or a Christ statue, since they are also made from the same atoms that you are made from, would you be able to say a prayer in your mind, and would this amount to a holy experience?- 'Prohibition of worship of any other God except Allah', or doing 'Idol Worship Prohibition'.
- Six Articles of Faith, one of them being the Judgement Day
- Concept of believer and non-believer.
The Indian history speaks of yuga cycles where currently we in Kaliyug of which 5000 yrs have already been spent.
and Mahabharata happened around the time of transition from Dvapar Yuga to Kaliyuga.What was the structure of continents at the time of Mahabharat alone? Or is it our assumption that it was the same as today?
At last finished Raaabo's post. It took me 3 hours, IDK how long did it take him to write...
Who wrote that Veda? who wrote that Upanishada? the Geeta? Can pinpoint the area in map of the then map of land?
After that it would be necessary to show how that knowledge traveled in the land having present day boundary?
Then it would be required to show how many tribes or states were actually practicing the virtues or following the texts mentioned in veda and agreed to it?
Then it would be required to point out how modern day 'bharat' actually got defined? The then land boundary. How much were included with respect to preset day 'bharat' border or excluded?
After its established how the unification happened what did the inhabitants follow as 'religion'? Were all of them as spiritual and knowledgeable as you claim them to be?
If not, what percentage actually followed the concept you mentioned as 'dharma' and 'religion' and how many just followed present day distorted version of 'religion'?
This means or as I understood, Hinduism means 'Indianness' as the term coined by @mediator. And according to Supreme Court of India this Indianness is includes the way every inhabitant of India lives his/her life. This Indianness not only includes opinion of the persons who practice "Veda", "Upanishada" or "Gita" rather also includes "Quaran", "Hadith", "Bible","Guru Granth Sahib", "Tripitaka", Jain Agamas, the Jewish Bible or Tanakh, 'The Zend Avesta' for the Parsi community and others.Supreme Court said:The court came to the conclusion that the words "Hinduism" or "Hindutva" are not necessarily to be understood and construed narrowly, confined only to the strict Hindu religious practices unrelated to the culture and ethos of the People of India depicting the way of life of the Indian people. Unless the context of a speech indicates a contrary meaning or use, in the abstract, these terms are indicative more of a way of life of the Indian people. Unless the context of a speech indicates a contrary meaning or use, in the abstract, these terms are indicative more of a way of life of the Indian people and are not confined merely to describe persons practicing the Hindu religion as a faith" (Emphasis supplied). This clearly means that, by itself, the word "Hinduism" or "Hindutva" indicates the culture of the people of India as a whole, irrespective of whether they are Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Jews etc. The Supreme Court Bench has further observed that "the mere fact that these words (Hindutva or Hinduism) are used in the speech would not bring in within the prohibition of sub-section (3) or (3A) of Section 123. It may well be that these words are used in the speech to promote secularism and to emphasize the way of life of the Indian people and the Indian culture or ethos, or to criticize the policy of any political party as discriminatory or intolerant. Whether a particular speech in which a reference is made to Hindutva and or Hinduism falls within the prohibition under sub-section (3) or (3A) of Section 123 is therefore a question of fact in each case" (Emphasis supplied).
My apologies. I didn't mean to bore people! I'll stop the long posts and go back to iPad and BB Z10 sized posts
This kind of clashes @mediator's definition or posts till now.BJP website said:Who is a Hindu?
The irony is this ignorance exists while the effete Hindu sits atop a veritable mine of gold: How else is he to galvanise his destiny and improve the lot of his fellow beings if his religion is not practiced? All our teachers have emphasised this, all of us have deified them for this, and yet, all of use are, after our perfunctory salutations to them, guilty of banishing them to the corners. The tragedy of Hinduism is that after its masters have given the call for its renewal, the Hindus have slipped into civilisational entropy.
*www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_c...reat-nationalist-ideology&catid=92&Itemid=501BJP Website said:Never before has Bharat, the ancient word for the motherland of Hindus - India, been confronted with such an impulse for change. This movement, Hindutva, is changing the very foundations of Bharat and Hindu society the world over.
Hindu society has an unquestionable and proud history of tolerance for other faiths and respect for diversity of spiritual experiences.
Sun Fact Sheet
[Global view of the Sun]
Sun/Earth Comparison
Bulk parameters
Sun Earth Ratio (Sun/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 1,988,500. 5.9726 333,000.
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 132,712. 0.3986 333,000.
Volume (1012 km3) 1,412,000. 1.083 1,304,000.
Volumetric mean radius (km) 696,000. 6371. 109.2
Mean density (kg/m3) 1408. 5514. 0.255
Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) 274.0 9.78 28.0
Escape velocity (km/s) 617.6 11.19 55.2
Ellipticity 0.00005 0.0034 0.015
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.059 0.3308 0.178
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -26.74 -3.86 -
Absolute magnitude +4.83
Luminosity (1024 J/s) 384.6
Mass conversion rate (106 kg/s) 4300.
Mean energy production (10-3 J/kg) 0.1937
Surface emission (106 J/m2s) 63.29
Spectral type G2 V
Model values at center of Sun:
Central pressure: 2.477 x 1011 bar
Central temperature: 1.571 x 107 K
Central density: 1.622 x 105 kg/m3
Rotational and Orbital parameters
Sun Earth Ratio (Sun/Earth)
Sidereal rotation period (hrs)* 609.12 23.9345 25.449
Obliquity to ecliptic (deg.) 7.25 23.45 0.309
Speed relative to nearby stars (km/s) 19.4
*This is the adopted period at 16 deg. latitude - the actual rotation rate varies with latitude L as:
( 14.37 - 2.33 sin2 L - 1.56 sin4 L ) deg/day
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 286.13
Declination : 63.87
Reference Date : 1.5 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
Sun Observational Parameters
Apparent diameter from Earth
At 1 A.U.(seconds of arc) 1919.
Maximum (seconds of arc) 1952.
Minimum (seconds of arc) 1887.
Distance from Earth
Mean (106 km) 149.6
Minimum (106 km) 147.1
Maximum (106 km) 152.1
Solar Magnetic Field
Typical magnetic field strengths for various parts of the Sun
Polar Field: 1 - 2 Gauss
Sunspots: 3000 Gauss
Prominences: 10 - 100 Gauss
Chromospheric plages: 200 Gauss
Bright chromospheric network: 25 Gauss
Ephemeral (unipolar) active regions: 20 Gauss
Solar Atmosphere
Surface Gas Pressure (top of photosphere): 0.868 mb
Pressure at bottom of photosphere (optical depth = 1): 125 mb
Effective temperature: 5778 K
Temperature at top of photosphere: 4400 K
Temperature at bottom of photosphere: 6600 K
Temperature at top of chromosphere: ~30,000 K
Photosphere thickness: ~500 km
Chromosphere thickness: ~2500 km
Sun Spot Cycle: 11.4 yr.
Photosphere Composition:
Major elements: H - 90.965%, He - 8.889%
Minor elements (ppm): O - 774, C - 330, Ne - 112, N - 102
Fe - 43, Mg - 35, Si - 32, S - 15
If no sub- or superscripts appear on this page - for example, if the "Mass" is given in units of "(1024 kg)" - you may want to check the notes on the sub- and superscripts.
bullet Notes on the factsheets - definitions of parameters, units, notes on sub- and superscripts, etc.
bullet Directory to other Planetary Fact Sheets
[NASA Logo]
Author/Curator:
Dr. David R. Williams, dave.williams@nasa.gov
NSSDC, Mail Code 690.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771
+1-301-286-1258
NASA Official: Ed Grayzeck, edwin.j.grayzeck@nasa.gov
Last Updated: 01 July 2013, DRW
My apologies. I didn't mean to bore people! I'll stop the long posts and go back to iPad and BB Z10 sized posts
I've no problem with them not being available written. I just want to know and set a timeline when did hey cam into existence first.@rhitwick text was new technology for hinduism
These collection of verses existed in oral traditions before they were written down
Some bronze age oral traditions survive to this day
Some traditions predate human speech, let alone texts
I've no problem with them not being available written. I just want to know and set a timeline when did hey cam into existence first.
Hey @mediator, I went through your most coveted posts #87 and #89. I saw no 'question' that you were so desperate to make me answer.
Could you please repeat them?
@MODs/Admins
Can we have two more options in the pole?
new option 1>I want congress but not Rahul Gandhi
new option 2>I want "AAP" (aam admi party) to win nationally and form coalition free govt.
A lot of people died in Muzzafarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Rumour is that media is not reporting killing of Hindus