An incorrectly set up or unsuitable design of subwoofer can seriously compromise the accuracy of your monitoring environment. We outline the performance characteristics of the different types and show you how to incorporate a sub for optimum effect within your system.
Many people who have never actually worked with subwoofers say that it doesn't really matter where you put the sub, because low frequencies are omnidirectional. However, this statement is very misleading, because the physical placement of the subwoofer has a huge effect on its frequency response. Also, the interaction between the sub, satellites and listening room will cause peaks and troughs in the frequency and time domains, the effects
The closed-box speaker construction, with its typical frequency response.
of which are clearly audible. Can you tell if a speaker is wired out of phase within a few seconds of listening without having your head facing the speakers? Anyone who is 'tuned in' to phase anomalies will 'feel' the same effect from a badly placed sub in a good room.
In a multi-channel system there must obviously be a compromise. I would suggest that placement with the front speakers is favoured, as they carry the most important audio information and, once again, a centre position is ideal. However, experimentation shows that any frontal position is workable
Placement with respect to walls and other large structural features should be considered next. The majority of smaller subs will be designed so that they can be used out of the way against a wall. If such a unit is used freestanding, the frequency response and output level will suffer. On the other hand, a number of companies produce subs which are designed to be used freestanding and give best results when moved away from walls or other hard surfaces. The rule here is to check with the manufacturer and experiment with placement and/or listening position when performing the system setup.
When choosing a frontal position, care has to be taken if the sub is placed in a corner, as two problems arise. Firstly, corner placement will increase the low bass output of the sub and will often make it boomy. Secondly, using only one subwoofer will encourage the formation of standing waves in the room. This effect is exaggerated with a sub placed in only one corner. The effect of this can be heard as uneven bass throughout the listening room with some areas being boomy and some being bass light. It is possible to minimise this problem by using two subs, along with a shelving filter that curtails the rise in low end -- an approach I use in my own listening room.
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