MBR partition scheme = Legacy boot generally (Linux is flexible here)
GPT partition scheme = UEFI boot (At least for Windows 7 64 and above)
FAT – At the least supported File system by UEFI. Limitation, cannot hold file greater than 4GB size (FAT32)
NTFS – If not natively, still supported by UEFI NTFS driver (That Rufus uses internally) can hold file > 4 GB
Further reading (in increasing order of complexity)
pbatard/rufus
UEFI boot: how does that actually work, then?
*www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_7.pdf
Apart from this, search for MBR, GPT, BIOS, UEFI and related terms, and you should find several references across Superuser, Tomshardware and other such forums.
Now your case...
Latest Windows 10, install.esd > 4 GB (You need to mount or extract Windows 10 ISO using 7zip or so and check the install.esd file size) - so NTFS is a must (Still no issues because Rufus shall internally use NTFS driver, regardless of UEFI implementation)
UEFI Boot needed and OS is Windows 7 64 or above - so setting GPT partition must.
So you should select Partition scheme GPT, Target System UEFI, and File system NTFS for your bootable USB drive
If you want to boot in Legacy Mode (Despite having UEFI supported hardware and OS) then it would have been
MBR, BIOS, NTFS (and enable CSM in mobo BIOS Settings)
Run Rufus as administrator preferably and disable Secure Boot in BIOS Settings temporarily if using NTFS file system.
Caveats:
If you select UEFI boot and your HDD/SSD on which you finally want to install Windows is partitioned in MBR Partition Scheme already, then Windows 10 will fail to install. Again the same principle that Windows 7 64 and above need GPT target drive for Booting off it when in UEFI.