1.PPF is not must,but does not hurt to have one.
You can deposit anything between Rs.500-70k,(the upper limit will probably increase soon)and the return after maturity is entirely tax free.
2.I think I have read somewhere,that a person should save about 40%of his income.
3.These are the common options you have,
*business.mapsofindia.com/investment-industry/top-10-investment-options.html
4.For tax benefit options,
Top 10 Tax-saving Instruments for Investors!
Regarding newer tax savings options,my knowledge is very much limited as I do not have to pay tax on my income(but I will have to pay tax on the interests from investments)