there is no specific method to tell if and when a battery will blow up or not.
it depends on the amount of pressure created inside the battery container, due to gases or expanded matter because of heat generated during large current transfer upon short circuit.
this question does not have an accurate answer because the subject matter is too broad and little specification/inforamtion has been provided.
it is like saying when will a rubber balloon blow up when filling with gas?
you need to know more abt the baloon and the rate of gas induction and environment conditions to tell when the balloon goes pop!