C/C++ Beginner's Guide and Post Basic Questions here

[Nerevarine]

Index n = root
Index 2n+1 = left child
Index 2n+2 = right child
If im not mistaken.

 

[quicky008]

i remember reading somewhere that in an array representation of a tree,

if node: i

Child: 2*i, 2*i+1

Parent: i/2

Is this a correct way to represent the array elements as nodes of a binary tree?

 

[pkkumarcool]

i remember reading somewhere that in an array representation of a tree,

if node: i

Child: 2*i, 2*i+1

Parent: i/2

Is this a correct way to represent the array elements as nodes of a binary tree?

so both child will be greater than parent? as far as i reme,

i remember reading somewhere that in an array representation of a tree,

if node: i

Child: 2*i, 2*i+1

Parent: i/2

Is this a correct way to represent the array elements as nodes of a binary tree?

any explanation why i dont get why child is 2*i

 

[Nerevarine]

Simple reason is that we should have a formula for properly mapping out a root node to 2 different unique child nodes which can be easily tracked and there is no collision.
To be absolutely fair, you can make a binary tree with ANY formula, it is not a given that it should be 2*i, as long as there is a one to one mapping between root -> left child and root -> right child.
What I mean is, there should not be a situation where
root1 index -> leftchild1 index
root1 index -> rightchild1 index

root2 index -> leftchild1 index
root2 index -> rightchild2 index


As you can see from the above example root1 and root2 are both mapped to leftchild1 index, which causes a collision.
To sum up, a binary tree is just a mapping of root to 2 unique and retrievable child nodes without any collision.

We use the 2*i format because it is very simple, and wastes very little space. You could literally use ANY hash function to make a custom tree of your own, as long as there is no collision.


This is wiki's defination
Arrays[edit]
Binary trees can also be stored in breadth-first order as an implicit data structure in arrays, and if the tree is a complete binary tree, this method wastes no space. In this compact arrangement, if a node has an index i, its children are found at indices {\displaystyle 2i+1}*wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f077f73c2ecdf3c6e29a120f948a7255c0a65da1 (for the left child) and {\displaystyle 2i+2}*wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a756deaef520ee23fe2b1232c90957f55ec9d92b (for the right), while its parent (if any) is found at index {\displaystyle \left\lfloor {\frac {i-1}{2}}\right\rfloor }*wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35dc2d601bbd9aff8f1ed1c4b2323122f2403317 (assuming the root has index zero). This method benefits from more compact storage and better locality of reference, particularly during a preorder traversal. However, it is expensive to grow and wastes space proportional to 2h - n for a tree of depth h with n nodes.

This method of storage is often used for binary heaps. No space is wasted because nodes are added in breadth-first order.

Correct me If I'm wrong.

 

[quicky008]

How can i create an array of strings in c++?

Whenever i create a string array using "string ar[5]" and then attempt to enter values in it via a for loop,i can only enter 4 values ie one less than the arrays capacity.


Can anyone suggest why this happens?

 

[Nerevarine]

When you create ar[5], here the 5 refers to size of array.
But programming index starts from 0, not one.
So ar[0], 1,2,3,4 are your entries

 

[whitestar_999]

When you create ar[5], here the 5 refers to size of array.
But programming index starts from 0, not one.
So ar[0], 1,2,3,4 are your entries

Exactly!

 

[pkkumarcool]

When you create ar[5], here the 5 refers to size of array.
But programming index starts from 0, not one.
So ar[0], 1,2,3,4 are your entries

But he should still get 5 entries right 0,1,2,3,4


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[whitestar_999]

But he should still get 5 entries right 0,1,2,3,4


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My C++ knowledge is quite dusty but from whatever I remember if you assign an array value to wrong index it won't enter & here a 'for' loop is used which I presume starts from i=1 with +1 increment till i=5 which will result in only 4 entries as array[5] entry will be ignored.

 

[pkkumarcool]

My C++ knowledge is quite dusty but from whatever I remember if you assign an array value to wrong index it won't enter & here a 'for' loop is used which I presume starts from i=1 with +1 increment till i=5 which will result in only 4 entries as array[5] entry will be ignored.

Yeah if you start for loop with i=1 till i<5 then you will get 4 values only.


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[whitestar_999]

Yeah if you start for loop with i=1 till i<5 then you will get 4 values only.


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You mean i<=5

 

[Nerevarine]

Guys if you are on windows, Visual Studio is definitely the go to choice for C/CPP development. MacOS the obvious best choice is XCode.
Linux its either you use gcc or a proper IDE. I know I suggested to learn and use gcc in the past, but managing a large project completely via gcc and make is a monumental task. So my IDE of choice for Linux is definitely Clion (Its paid unfortunately)
Eclipse CDT is too slow, QT creator is also good (free) choice.

 

[pkkumarcool]

You mean i<=5

But i=1 to i<=5 will give 5 inputs wont it?


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[whitestar_999]

But i=1 to i<=5 will give 5 inputs wont it?


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For i=5 the loop will try to assign array[5] which will fail as valid values to assign are array[0,1,2,3,4]. The correct loop should be i=0;i<5;i++

 

[quicky008]

thanks for all of your valued inputs.

I am aware that in case of arrays and strings,the index starts from 0 and i had coded the for loop correctly keeping that in mind.

The coding was ok,it seems the error was being caused by some bug in Dev-Cpp as when i executed the same program on another machine (having a different version of Dev-CPP installed) it worked just fine and accepted 5 values as input like its supposed to.

Dev-cpp is known to be a somewhat buggy IDE-i think i will switch to code blocks from now on.BTW can regular C/C++ programs be executed in VStudio? Are any free versions of Vstudio available which aren't too resource or memory intensive?

 

[Nerevarine]

That took an interesting turn

 

[Nerevarine]

An advice for any new c/cpp developers.
Learn new cpp syntax, especially cpp+14/17. Smart pointers , etc. You don't need to worry about memory allocation and shit.
Learn concept of RAII
Use better ide from the get-go (visual studio)
Learn to use breakpoints instead of print statements (millions of them)
Use scm(git)

 

[whitestar_999]

So anyone still uses the good old blue coloured turbo c++

 

[chimera201]

What Visual Studio theme do you guys use?

So anyone still uses the good old blue coloured turbo c++

>90% of Indian colleges/schools...

 

[Nerevarine]

I only briefly used Visual Studio and its the dark theme definitely.
Mostly use Xcode and now moving to Clion