Some hdd have g-sense error rate parameter but even that is not 100% trustworthy so almost nil chances of anyone finding if hdd fell for sure.
Unless hdd is detected,nothing can be done. That is why many people keep their data in encrypted format so in such situations they can send it for rma without worries.
AAM/APM slider should not have any relation with this,once any hdd falls it directly affects its mechanical sub-system which is very delicate & once that happens failure of hdd is just a matter of time.